The Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey conducted an analysis of published studies emerging from collaborations between North Korean and foreign scientists and found that these open research collaborations enable the country to evade some sanctions. Out of the 1,304 papers studied, at least 100 focus on identifiably dual-use technology that can be applied to military purposes. According to the Middlebury Institute, a MacArthur grantee, even though it may fall under a prohibited category of technical assistance, banning this kind of scientific collaboration outright has humanitarian implications that deserve further scrutiny.
