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Solar geoengineering that reflects sunlight in the atmosphere could help reduce global temperatures alongside reducing greenhouse gas emissions. According to a report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, more robust research on solar geoengineering is needed to improve understanding of options for climate change mitigation. The National Academies, a MacArthur grantee, proposes a research agenda and governance plan, with research focusing on technical requirements, impact on society and the environment, and context for international cooperation. The report examines solar geoengineering strategies—like adding reflective aerosols in the stratosphere, thinning high-altitude clouds to allow heat to escape, and increasing reflective lower-altitude cloud cover—and their potential benefits and risks.